A construção de um chalumeau soprano infantil em impressão 3d: novas possibilidades para a iniciação instrumental

Abstract

The present work looks after a research in the scope of Music Education, with a specific perspective on the infantile initiation of the clarinet with four-year-old children. The objective was to propose parameters and criteria that would assist in the development of a soprano chalumeau, specific to the chosen age group, made using additive manufacturing techniques. The research was justified by the importance of music in children’s educational training, as well as in the contributions that wind instruments can bring to the development of children's orofacial motor skills. The fact that there are already chalumeaux aimed at initiation, but none of them, being a soprano chalumeau, also made up the justification for this thesis. The literature review focused mainly on historical aspects of the chalumeau, in which significant sources and authors were found, such as Hoeprich (2008), Galpin (1937), Rice (1977), Baines (1960) and Karp (1986), who consider that the first chalumeaux date back thousands of years in the Middle East, being present in Greece, Egypt and the Roman Empire. The instrument was consolidated in Europe during the Baroque period and, currently, the techniques of luteria allow its production to be used in the most varied contexts such as: historical performances, modern groupings, amateurs or in music education. Subsequently, we sought to learn more about the use of the chalumeau in contexts of infant initiation. In turn, the theoretical foundation of this work is based on the combination of User Centered Design (DCU), theories of musical acoustics, ergonomics and additive manufacturing. The methodology adopted in this research was qualitative, divided into four stages following the premises of DCU. These steps consisted of: 1) specification of use context, 2) specification of product requirements, 3) production of possible solutions through testable models, and 4) feasibility assessment. Based on these steps, it was possible to evaluate the experiences lived throughout the process and observe considerations in each of the phases. As results, parameters and criteria that make it possible to make a children's soprano chalumeau printed in 3D are presented. The elaboration and production of the instrument by additive manufacture, when incorporated into the learning process, can generate experiences, which, besides being acoustically correct, are also ergonomically and cognitively functional, as well as being engaging and attractive. Thus, the main consideration of this research was that, through DCU and additive manufacturing, students and teachers are no longer passive in the development of children's musical instruments and may, with the adoption of these techniques, be part of all stages of construction and the modification of these instruments. In addition, ways to develop authorial learning by students are shown to be possible, in wich the process of building the instrument can be included as a learning resource.