Oferta e demanda de água nos planos municipais de saneamento básico em três municípios do Vale do Jequiriçá: contribuições para adequação do planejamento à realidade

Abstract

Based on Law 11.445 / 2007, which establishes the guidelines of the National Basic Sanitation Policy (NBSP), the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans (MBSP) of all Brazilian municipalities with population up to 50.000 inhabitants, are guided by the Reference Terms of the National Foundation of Health (RT - Funasa, 2012). The objective is to analyze the RT, which subsidizes the diagnosis of water supply from MBSP, and present recommendations for adjustment of the provisions, assumptions criteria and procedures. The diagnoses were made from the perspective of action research, on a participatory basis, contemplating meetings and dialogues with the communities, as well as technical visits to locations in urban and rural areas in three municipalities: Cravolândia, Itaquara and Ubaíra, located in the Vale do Rio Jequiriçá, Bahia. To meet the purpose of this work an analysis was conducted about basic sanitation both in the selection of concepts as the approach of federal and state laws in force, and implementation of the deductive method, applied for the selection and interpretation of secondary data. They were then tabulated the secondary data and made preliminary analysis of both the reference term in question, as the diagnostic and other technical documents related to the municipalities analyzed. The problem that this dissertation sought to answer was how, under the MBSP, the RT regarding the diagnostics of the water supply component, which connects basically to aspects relating to the management of water supply to serve the population, a technological and engineering perspective, may, in fact, subsidize onsistent enough sanitation plans which are effective and sustainable solutions to the water problem in the cities. Stands out among the conclusions, the need to reassess the MBSP as a structural policy for the sanitation sector, seeking to establish its interface with environmental policies, health and public administration, and the adequacy of MBSP products to different local realities; and review the content and the Funasa’s RT approach to the elaboration of diagnostics of the water supply of MBSP with a view to integrate the assumptions already established, the use of the watershed basin as a planning unit, studies of the vegetation cover of the landscape units and forest conservation and restoration activities. Given the social and environmental reality diagnosed, in which predominates agricultural activities of the families as the basis for the local economies in semi-arid region with a highpercentage of the population in poverty situation, it is recommended the elaboration mapping of priority areas for the establishment of a policy which reconciles the agroforestry-pastoral productivity with the restoration and conservation. The study concluded that the most important is to consider the watershed as planning unit and the impossibility of separating the MBSP of environmental management and physical and biological limits imposed by nature.