A memória midiática nos 50 anos do golpe de 1964: Alberto Dines, “chumbo quente” e o observatório da imprensa

Abstract

This thesis analyses the historical narrative and the media memory regarding the influence of the press during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship present on Chumbo Quente, television series shown in 2014, on the 50th anniversary of the civil-military coup of 1964, produced by the program Observatório da Imprensa, which was presented by Alberto Dines, an intellectual in Brazilian journalism. The context of creation and exhibition of this production was influenced by the work of the Comissão Nacional da Verdade (National Truth Commission), established by Law n. 12.528/2011 and which Final Report resulted in fiery debates in society, as many actors gathered to recollect and also claim truth and justice. It was investigated how Chumbo Quente proposes to be an explanatory synthesis inscribed in public history and which has at its core the insertion of testimony in history, especially of journalists and other people who experienced the years of the dictatorship. In order to do so, we sought to understand how this production dialogues with an existing memory of that period, as well as how it is inserted in the public debate between critics and defenders of the dictatorship as its content expands to the format of digital platforms. To understand how the media memory of the regime was organized, it was equally important to delve into the trajectory of Alberto Dines, architect of the Observatório and Chumbo Quente. This research approached the fields of history, memory and communication, understanding how media coveyed media memory as the symbolic representation and the narratives about the history of societies. Interviews were used, based on Oral History, with people close to Alberto Dines and members of the Observatório da Imprensa; analysis of writings by Alberto Dines and material of a repressive nature about this journalist; the study of testimonies and fictional and non-fictional resources in Chumbo Quente; the search for digital sources to recover the history of the Observatório da Imprensa and the analysis of the comments about the series on Youtube using the Iramuteq tool. This study allowed us to understand a television genre that is based on the testimonies of a traumatic past, whose report is added to the historiographical narrative produced at the Academy and act as enterprising agents of memory. The composition of Chumbo Quente also reveals silences, forgetfulness and framed memories about Brazilian journalism in the period of the civil-military dictatorship. Likewise, there was a diffuse understanding in the interaction of Internet users with the series on Youtube. It is concluded that Chumbo Quente was part of a tradition of the Observatório to narrate the history of the press in the dictatorship and also as an effort by Alberto Dines to recompose the memory of his experiences in that period. And while the show has ceased to exist, the series remains available on digital media in order to perpetuate that content to a broad audience.