Revisão bibliográfica: anticorpos monoclonais para uso em diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças alérgicas respiratórias causadas por ácaros da poeira doméstica

Abstract

Allergic diseases have shown a significant increase in their prevalence and morbidity in recent decades. Among them, rhinitis and asthma are the most common manifestations, being related to exposure to aeroallergens, especially to mites present in household dust. Allergens can come from several sources, being protein biomolecules capable of interacting with IgE class antibodies, triggering clinical manifestations of allergy. Individuals who have a genetic predisposition to synthesize high levels of IgE antibodies when sensitized with small doses of allergens are those most affected by allergic diseases, being called atopic individuals. Studies focused on the treatment and diagnosis of these diseases are of great relevance, however, before any treatment it is very important that the diagnosis is firmly established. For this, patients should be carefully examined so that allergens sensitizing to each case can be identified and serve as support for diagnostic tests. Monoclonal antibodies have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of some allergic diseases and their mechanisms of action act as agonists or receptor antagonists, in neutralizing targets such as toxins, cytokines and cell markers for further destruction of these and their use may fill a need not yet met by the current available therapeutic options.