Desocupação no meio rural baiano : uma análise comparativa entre padrões de desenvolvimento nos territórios de identidade

Abstract

Work is a central element in the life of the human being, it is his condition of existence, reveals his way of survival, identifies him as a human being and dignifies him. However, since the implementation of the capitalist mode of production, the work has an abstract and alienating meaning to re-become a means of providing the reproduction of capital. In the rural world, the capitalist mode of production has been excluded from the world of work, the worker who does not follow innovations and technological advances, being deprived of their small properties, and transformed into a casual, non-resident employed labor force. And it is about the unemployment resulting from the advances of the capitalist mode of production in the field, especially in Bahia, that we will deal with in this thesis. Bahia presents a complex, diversified rural territory, in which there are profound differences in patterns of capitalist development, which are linked to the technical/technological progress adopted. It is intended to compare the patterns of economic growth that emerged in selected territories of Bahian identity to answer the following question: what is the potential for occupation in rural Bahia in view of the specificities of agricultural development patterns that emerged in selected identity territories? Thus, the general objective of this research is to understand the potential for occupation in rural Bahia in view of the specificities of agricultural development patterns that emerged in selected identity territories. Two hypotheses guide the research: i) The use of capital-intensive technology provokes at the same time, in a movement contradictory from the point of view of socioeconomic development, growth, increased productivity, and unemployment of the man from the field. ii) Inclusive (labor-intensive) technological alternatives can mitigate the increase in unemployment in the field. The methodology to answer the research question is based on bibliographic research that seeks to systematize the state of the art. This qualitative survey will be validated with census data (secondary) to explain or help in the comprehension of the phenomenon (rural unemployment) that emerges in the selected bahian territories, based on the paradigmatic discussion of technical progress in Brazilian agriculture. The conclusions reveal that regarding the object of analysis of this thesis, the occupation of rural labor, the development models adopted based on singular technological paradigms, seem to have a different impact on the levels of occupation: more unemployment in the west of the state than in the Sertão do São Francisco, and a lower unemployment rate in the Litoral Sul. Like the diagnosis, the propositions to mitigate the phenomenon are unique and different. We understand, therefore, that by developing a comparative analysis on the diversity of patterns of rural growth in Bahia and its different alternatives for mitigating the phenomenon of unemployment in Bahia's identity territories, we have brought novelty to this research.