Implementação de diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem à dimensão espiritual da pessoa com câncer

Abstract

Cancer is still considered a feared and stigmatized disease, causing biopsychosocial-spiritual maladjustment, even with advanced treatment mechanisms. The nurse has the responsibility to evaluate the spiritual needs and to promote spiritual care, being the multidimensional understanding of the human being indispensable for the professional practice and systematization of care in its entirety. The study had the general objective of participatively implementing nursing diagnoses and care focused on the spiritual dimension of the person living with cancer. Qualitative research, with Action Research procedures as a methodological reference. The participants were nurses and nursing technicians of the Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of a University Hospital in the Northeast of Brazil, who met the inclusion criteria of the study. For data collection we used: a questionnaire to characterize the participants, the Talking Map technique, pedagogical workshops, and a logbook. The speeches were recorded through a digital device and organized and coded with the help of Maxqda software, submitted to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis, and interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's constructs. The research was conducted in accordance with the precepts of Resolutions 466/12, 510/16 and 580/18 of the National Health Council, and approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital. The study was divided into four phases: phase 1 - previous diagnosis, through the talking map; phase 2 - shared diagnosis and planning of the actions to be performed; phase 3 - intervention, marked by the development of educational workshops with the proposals prioritized by the participants and phase 4 - evaluation, which aimed to show, through the participants' reports, how the educational actions contributed to the implementation of the diagnoses and care of the spiritual dimension of the person with cancer. In phase 1 the participants' profile was identified, as well as their previous knowledge about the theme; in phase 2, proposals for actions guided by the spiritual care organized in the Nursing Process emerged; in phase 3 of intervention, the actions were implemented: In phase 4, through the final evaluation, carried out in a procedural manner and through a workshop three months after the intervention, it was possible to verify in the medium term, through the participants' reports, the transformations that had occurred with the proposed implementation. It is concluded that the realization of educative actions and problematizing education with nurses and nursing technicians who care for people with cancer enables strategies for the assistance of the spiritual dimension, with the insertion of this dimension in the Nursing Process.