Experiência da incapacidade para o trabalho dos usuários - trabalhadores do território de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família

Abstract

Work disability is a multidimensional phenomenon that is growing worldwide, with a negative impact on the life of the worker and on society. It is configured by the interaction between physical and psychosocial aspects of the worker with contextual factors, involving the health, compensation and work systems. The Family Health strategy has an important role in preventing injuries to the user-worker and in managing cases of absence from work. This study aims to understand the experience of Work Disability of users working in the territory assigned to the Family Health Unit. The adopted methodology was the qualitative exploratory study with analytical-descriptive orientation, which is based on the Schutz Social Phenomenology framework, in the Ecological Model of Case Management of the Arena of Disability for Work and Transdisciplinarity. In-depth interviews were carried out with eight worker-users with incapacity for work domiciled in the USF's territory. The data were submitted to thematic analysis. Emerged, in the experiences described, child labor situations and difficulty in schooling, precarious forms of insertion in the labor market, leaving work due to social situations, such as motherhood and the condition of becoming a caregiver and illness processes, as well as their impacts and coping strategies, barriers and the building a social support network in the search for health care and social protection, composing the biographical situation and the stock of knowledge of these user-workers. The Family Health Strategy, with its limitations, but with technical backing support, is able to resolve the production of care for users-workers, however there is a need to strengthen the bond. It became evident that the different dimensions of the systems that involve the worker, the lack of communication and cooperation between the key actors, the social lack of protection and the gaps in public policies influence the determinants of prolonged incapacity for work. It was concluded that, in spite of the actions and attitudes of coping of the users-workers, the situation of social vulnerability favor the process of incapacitation and the work disability deepens the vulnerability, disorganizing the daily life and weakening the few resources of these subjects for the permanence on the job market or its fringes.