Tendências e contradições na formação social e econômica do Extremo Sul da Bahia entre 1950 e 2000

Abstract

This dissertation tries to understand the historic process formation of the Extreme-South of Bahia, between 1950 and 2000, when the region was included in the national economic development guidelines. That period present defined phases historically which permit to comprehend the actual economic structure. These phases are based in the moviment of the diferent forms of capitals that determine the flow of the regional economic dinamism. The contradictions of the capitalism increased in the region. Public and indian lands were apropriated. The rural space was changed, becoming properties. The towns were urbanized. The agrarian conflicts increased. The tropical forest disappeared. The cattle breeding expanded. The coffee and mamoa production projects were implanted. The unemployment increased. The big industrial projects of paper and cellulose production were implanted too. The urban exclusion appeared with the rural social movements. This analyse comprehends a marxist approach, considering the primitive acumulation category. The dissertation presents the possibility to consider this category in the twentieth century, specifically in the Extreme-South of Bahia. Three historic phases are proposed to understand the recently regional formation of the region. New rural coletives were formed like a classes conflicts product in the region. The social movements expanded to the north of State of Bahia, constituting cooperativist and associativist economic organization models with families without lands and employment. So new agricultural production systems started do develop. A research was did, involving twenty seven production systems whose small farmers were interviewed, when could be compared diferent rents, agriculture and non-agriculture rents, basically previdenciary rents. Some models of production system could be planned to be proposed to the small farmers in the settlements.