Fatores associados ao transtorno mental comum em mulheres em situação de violência conjugal

Abstract

The experience of conjugal violence is a public health problem and causes numerous repercussions for the lives of women who experience it. In view of this, knowledge about who the women in situations of domestic violence are and the factors that are associated with Common Mental Disorder, in this group, is of paramount importance to protect them and develop prevention and coping strategies, especially for those who are more vulnerable. In view of this, the general objective was: To investigate the factors associated with Common Mental Disorder in women in situations of domestic violence assisted by the Ronda Maria da Penha Operation. Method: This is a study with a quantitative approach, of the cross-sectional type, whose sample consisted of 231 women in situations of domestic violence with an Emergency Protective Measure who are accompanied by the Ronda Maria da Penha Operation. In order to achieve the objectives, the following dependent variable was adopted: Common Mental Disorder. The independent variables were: Sociodemographic, expressions of experiencing violence in childhood, experiencing marital violence in adult life, drug use and comorbidities. Data were collected using a structured form, from January to May 2021. They were organized using the Microsoft Office Excel program and subsequently transferred to STATA version 12 for analysis. Initially, an exploratory analysis was performed using descriptive statistics to characterize the studied sample. Then, the bivariate analysis was performed to verify the association between the independent variables and the Common Mental Disorder, for which the prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated. The level of statistical significance adopted in all analyzes was 5% (α  0.05) and 95% CI. The p-value was obtained by Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's Exact. Results: The study showed an association between sociodemographic factors, experiencing marital violence and Common Mental Disorder. Noting that there was a statistically significant association (p 0.05) between the Disorder and the following variables: length of experience in a violent relationship (PR = 1.21), having experienced psychological violence (PR = 2.78), sexual violence (PR = 1.41) and the five expressions of violence (PR = 1.22). There was also a statistically significant association between the experience of violence in childhood/adolescence and the outcome, with women who witnessed physical violence (PR=1.20; p=0.04) and those who suffered both psychological violence (PR=1. 32; p=0.01) and physical (PR=1.25; p=0.016) were more likely to develop the Common Mental Disorder than those who did not witness, or did not suffer this type of injury, in this phase of life. life. These results highlight the group of women in situations of domestic violence that are more likely to develop a Common Mental Disorder, thus showing the need to direct care actions to this group that is more vulnerable.