Empregabilidade: um estudo com jovens aprendizes de um programa de aprendizagem profissional

Abstract

In the present study, employability is conceived from a multidimensional model authored by Botero & Rentería (2019), which includes dimensions as socioeconomical, cultural and political; institutional of education and formation devises; organizational and work relations; and the individual dimension that includes personal, relational, and psychological resources associated with employability, from those that individuals interact with diverse social actors that constitute the world of work. Considering professional learning as public politics for inclusion of youths in works markets, this dissertation searched for estimating employability of young graduates from a learning program, and from a multidimensional model, besides presenting elements for the comprehension, and characterized particularities of the experiences of those young, considering the perspective of graduates, professors of the institution, and the employers. For that, it was done a research from a mixed exploratory approach using an international instrument for estimating Employability of young graduates of superior educational institutions (Rentería el al, 2018), that was translated, adapted, and applied, to keep the reality of the target group, and the co-participant organizations. In terms of the sample, 126 graduates responded to the questionnaire; and, complementarily, five teachers, five employers, and five young graduates were interviewed. In that context, results derived from the questionnaire indicate that graduates from the learning program have good reputations in the job market, and the experience acquired is relevant for professional insertion. In addition, Young graduates identify where they want to project themselves professionally and do what is necessary to reach this objective, reaching high indexes of complementary formation, technical and postgraduate actualizations, but work offers go further formal and traditional employment – including other forms and contacts-, being very competitive. Associated to this, several participants interviewed pointed out the existence of funding from the organization and training institution, and the preponderance of the contribution of acquired knowledge, and proven experience for the employability of the young graduates. They also point out the existence of difficulties and discrimination when it comes to entering the job market, associated with elements related to insufficient preparation provided by the apprenticeship program. The conclusion shows participants focus on the individual dimension, which attributes to the young graduates the responsibility for their employability. There is a need for greater attention so that the program does not reproduce the role of a policy that leads to the maintenance of the lower classes in places of underemployment. It is observed that learning programs are configured as an space for young people to exercise citizenship through comprehension of rights and duties, with the opportunity of discoveries on career, choices, academic formation, technical and practical knowledge, besides intergenerational coexistence, and incoming resources, searching for personal development in that moment of the live of transition to professional life.