Difusão da inovação e a metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão: proposta para O Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia

Abstract

Dynamic and complex, innovation is taking hold and setting new standards in production systems and organizational behavior. Following the enactment of the Innovation Law (Law nº 10.973/2004) and the Technological Framework (Law nº 13.243/2016), Federal Institutes and Universities have started to create structures that can promote a culture focused on innovation. Just as important as presenting actions to stimulate innovation is the ability to recognize the most sensitive indicators and criteria for doing so. In this sense, decision-making becomes broad, careful and difficult to measure. Thus, the general objective of this research is to build a model to evaluate the technological diffusion of innovation at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia (IFBA), based on the impact of the Innovation Law, from 2014 to 2022, using the Multicriteria Decision Support Methodology (MCDA-C). We also sought to (i) characterize the Diffusion of Innovation based on Patentability and the Triple Helix, (ii) characterize the history of patent applications at the IFBA since the Innovation Law and the Technological Framework, (iii) present the mono- and multicriteria methodologies, especially the Multicriteria Decision Support Methodology, and finally, (iv) build the Multicriteria Model that allows the identification, organization, measurement and integration of the criteria that lead to the diffusion of innovation at the IFBA. To support the construction of the model and establish the semantic judgments, five managers with decision-making power and technical knowledge in the field of innovation were interviewed during two administrations, between 2014 and 2022. The Delphi methodology was also used, adding new rounds with the participation of teachers directly related to the projects of the Technological Innovation Center (NIT), trained in the area and belonging to campuses located in the countryside of Bahia. Within the constructivist paradigm, the Multicriteria Decision Support Methodology made it possible to generate knowledge for decision makers, to build a model for stimulating innovation at IFBA, considering the particularities of the organization, through the perception of decision makers. After building the model, 128 descriptors were obtained, divided into three main aspects: Institutional, Educational (teaching, research and extension) and Technological Entrepreneurship. In the end, it was possible to draw the current profile - Status Quo - and assess the sensitive points for the performance of stimulating innovation in the institution. It was also possible to identify improvements in 36 descriptors to draw up a new performance profile in line with the criteria of decision-makers and institutional interests. This model presented nine fundamental viewpoints (PVF) that allow a broader, more personalized and functional vision that makes this research relevant and original.