Meio ambiente, cultura e mídia: uma análise do posicionamento discursivo da Folha de São Paulo sobre as cops 21, 26 e 27

Abstract

This research proposes to reflect on how the Folha de São Paulo newspaper uses the principles of public communication to disseminate science, as well as to examine the assumptions of this newspaper regarding the notion of culture and the environment. The analytical proposal is to develop a content analysis of the articles on the agenda of COP21, in Paris, France (2015), in which the Paris Agreement was adopted with the central objective of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, and a comparison of the articles on the agenda of COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland (2021) and COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt (2022). It is important to highlight that the selection of the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) 21, 26 and 27 was made due to the significant political milestones that occurred in the corresponding years. In 2015, during COP 21, Brazil was facing the political crisis of the Dilma Rousseff government. In 2021, during COP 26, the country was under the leadership of the far-right government of then-president Jair Bolsonaro. Finally, in 2022, the year of COP 27, Brazil went through a crucial electoral period that culminated in the return of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the presidency. To this end, the principles of public communication (Chirnev; Medeiros, 2021) were considered in order to verify how they are present in the coverage of the newspaper in question. The research methodology applied to analyze the presentations carried out is Bardin content analysis (2011). The discussions undertaken here denote the bias of public communication in building coresponsibility for a collective achievement and the newspaper's knowledge and adaptation to the narratives of local culture, observing the way in which they were portrayed to the population, which permeates the choices and concerns that the articles raised in the newspaper. Among the results found, we highlight the amount of news that guided the events and that were proportional to the policy projects aimed at defending the environment of each president elected in the time frames, as well as the need for dissemination by the newspaper that was more accessible to all social classes. These premises are articulated with the reflections on the environment, culture and public communication present in: Ailton Krenak, Márcio Simeone Henriques, Jorge Duarte, Margarida Kunsch, Celso Furtado and Philip Kotler among others.