Modelagem geométrica e semântica baseadas no padrão CityGML: uma aplicação SIG 3D para o Campus Universitário Federação Ondina da UFBA

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are systems used for monitoring, operation, analysis, and planning. Recently, applications involving three-dimensional data have been gaining prominence, such as 3D cadastre, urban planning, emergency response, and the prevention of seismic damage and floods. Many studies have been conducted on this topic to discuss elements related to geometric and semantic modeling according to the CityGML standard. In this standard, it is necessary to define the Level of Detail (LOD), which indicates the elements and classes to be represented. This research proposes a 3D GIS application based on the geometric and semantic modeling of the UFBA’s Federação Ondina university campus, according to CityGML standards, to optimize space usage and assist campus management. For this, the Design Science Research (DSR) method was used to build and evaluate artifacts based on a problem, seeking solutions for it. The methodology involves: acquiring geometric data from the Salvador municipality's latest official aerial photogrammetric survey, conducted in 2017, to compose the study area database; geometric and semantic modeling, according to CityGML standards, using SketchUp software and its CityEditor plugin to create the terrain, road system, and buildings categories for the university campus; storing the resulting geometric model in the database; and the insertion of new data and creation of new tables according to the application's conceptual modeling (using PostgreSQL/PostGIS, PgAdmin, and 3DCityDB software). Finally, the feasibility of the proposed 3D GIS application is demonstrated based on queries regarding the uses and functions of the spaces, as well as spatial analyses that include the identification of possible routes (the paths taken by students on campus) and evacuation routes, created to simulate areas susceptible to the risk of fire in some laboratories of the Polytechnic School (these representations of the queries and analyses were performed in Blender).