Proposta de metodologia para o mapeamento virtual da caminhabilidade urbana associada à acessibilidade por imagens de nível de rua

Abstract

Brazil has experienced a remarkable process of urbanization, transforming from a predominantly rural country to a largely urban nation in just 50 years, with approximately 82% of the population nowliving in urban areas. However, this rapid and often unplanned urbanization has posed complex challenges to urban mobility and public space accessibility. Key issues include walkability and accessibility, which are crucial for the quality of pedestrian spaces and the inclusion of people with disabilities or reduced mobility. These aspects, associated with active mobility, offer benefits such as reducing vehicle traffic and emissions while promoting social interaction and physical activity, thereby improving the population’s quality of life.This dissertation proposes an innovative methodology for mapping urban walkability and accessibility through the use of Street View Images (SVI). These images enable a detailed analysis of pedestrian infrastructure, facilitating the identification of obstacles and critical points that limit mobility. The study adapts and applies the Walkability Index (ICam 2.0) from the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) in a virtual approach designed to assess the quality of sidewalks and crosswalks, emphasizing accessibility as an essential component of walkability. This ensures that all individuals, including those with limited mobility, can safely and independently navigate urban spaces. The adopted methodology is organized in steps that include defining the study area, selecting walkability indicators, and collecting data via SVI. On-site validation of virtually obtained results was also conducted to ensure data reliability. Using SVI allows for the acquisition of detailed visual information about the urban environment, enabling an assessment of pedestrian infrastructure quality without the need for physical presence. The study results revealed that the study area has a walkability index classified as “sufficient,” highlighting the need for medium-term interventions to improve urban accessibility. Moreover, field validation produced results close to those obtained through virtual analysis, indicating the efficacy and potential of virtual technical audits with SVI. The research concludes that applying this method offers a practical, low-cost, and updatable tool for urban planning, with the potential to provide accurate diagnostics on urban walkability and accessibility. This approach can support public policies that promote active mobility and social inclusion, contributing to the development of more walkable and accessible cities for all.