Avaliação do status nutricional de selênio em gestantes de uma maternidade de referência da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health, as it is constituted as selenoproteins that have an antioxidant role and participate in the biosynthesis and activation of thyroid hormones. Selenium deficiency (SeD) during pregnancy is common and increases the risk of complications for the maternal-fetal binomial. This study presents as a methodology a descriptive approach and cross-sectional design, developed from two distinct strategies. In article 1, data from 330 pregnant women (PW) aged 15 to 46 years, who were divided into: (1) 226 at High risk pregnant Women (HRPW) and (2) 104 low-risk pregnant women (LRPW), from a reference maternity hospital from Bahia, Brazil. In this study, urinary Se levels were measured using the ICP-MS method. As, article 1 showed median results of Urinary Selenium Concentration (USeC) of 25 μg/L (25-75 percentile, 17-35.8 μg/L) and the mean was 28.4 ± 6.79 μg/ L, indicating Se adequacy . Low USeC (<15 μg/L) was detected in 20% PW. Median USeC levels were significantly lower in HRPW vs. LRPW [ 24 (15.3-33.8) vs. 29.1 (20.2- 40.6) μg/L, p=0.0035]. Selenium Deficiency (SeD) rate was more observed in HRPW vs. LRPW [24.3% vs 10.6%, p=0.0037] [OR: 2,71 CI 1,4-5,7); P=0.0048]. In article 2, a narrative review is presented on the nutritional status of selenium and the pathophysiology of thyroid hormone metabolism. Thus, the inclusion of Se measurement in micronutrient monitoring actions can contribute to greater effectiveness in disorder prevention programs, especially in risk groups such as PW.