Distúrbios do Self no pródromo da esquizofrenia: aspectos fenomenológicos da psicose

Abstract

This paper reviews the literature on self-disorders in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia, emphasizing the phenomenological approach to psychosis. Initially, it explores the application of phenomenology to psychopathology, highlighting the "phenomenological reduction" proposed by Edmund Husserl and the relevance of phenomenological psychopathology in offering a more holistic and personalized treatment, in contrast to classical psychopathology. Subsequently, it addresses disturbances of self-consciousness as described by Karl Jaspers, including identity fragmentation, depersonalization, alterations in reality perception, and loss of temporal continuity. The paper also discusses the diagnostic criteria for "Ultra-High Risk" (UHR) for psychosis, focusing on Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms (APS), Brief Limited Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BLIPS), and Genetic Risk and Deterioration Syndrome (GRD), as well as the basic symptoms assessed by tools like SCI-A, SCI-Y, COGDIS, and COPER. The relationship between these symptoms and disturbances of self-awareness is examined to demonstrate how early detection can prevent the progression to full psychosis, enabling more effective therapeutic interventions.