Epidemiologia das infecções de sítio cirúrgico em hospital de ensino de Salvador-Bahia

Abstract

The hospital-aquired infection is an infection acquired after the patient's admission and which is manifested during hospitalization or after discharge, when it can be related to hospitalization or hospital procedures. Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a type of hospital-aquired infection and can be defined as an infection which occurs at the site of the operation. The aim of this study was to analyze the social profile and comorbidities of patients with SSIs identified in the period between 2011 and 2013 at a teaching hospital in Salvador, Bahia. This is an epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital in Salvador Bahia. Data collection was performed in the records of the Hospital Infection Control Service (SCIH) and the medical records of patients with SSI after undergoing elective surgery and not infected during the period of interest, through a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected variables were related to social characteristics of the patients: age, sex, race, occupation and origin; predisposing factors for the occurrence of SSI: hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, obesity, malnutrition, immune disorders, kidney disease and smoking; and to the surgical procedure: type of surgery; surgical specialty and procedure duration. Data were analyzed by simple statistics. Out of the 114 patients with SSI recorded on SCIH in the period, 86 comprise the sample of the study. For analysis and presentation of results were used to simple statistics, with the use of graphic and tabular analyzes. Was found in the analyzed period an average rate of 11.23% per annum of SSI. It was found balance in the occurrence of SSI between men and women, predominantly occurring in the elderly, high incidence in patients considered productive age (21-60 years) was also noted, most patients came from the countryside. Regarding predisposing factors, 87,21% of patients had one or more comorbidities, and high blood pressure the most present (52,33%); 47,7% of patients had nutritional changes; 29% had heart disease; 20,9% Diabetes Mellitus; and smoking was observed in 13,95% of patients. The study found limitations in the small number of cases and lack of access to medical records, and inferences presented are local and can not be extended to other populations. However, it is expected that this study will encourage discussions for strategic prevention, surveillance and control of SSIs in the hospital, to improve the quality of health care delivery in surgical patients.