Partido único, formação do Estado Nacional e transição política na Guiné-Bissau (1973-2023)

Abstract

The general objective of this dissertation is to identify the forms of institutional cleavages and political interactions in force between the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) and the national State in formation, in the period from independence (1974) to the last elections held in 2023. With this, the work intends to identify the possible connections existing between the PAIGC's actions in the initial phase of the independence process and the political-organizational forms assumed by the national State and the successive changes that occurred in the functioning of the political system, characterized by successive falls of governments and military coups, some of these ruptures encouraged by the PAIGC itself already in a democratic context. Throughout this period, there were political conflicts within the state apparatus, authoritarian political ruptures, military coups, personalist struggles and violent internal events within the single, dominant party between 1974 and 1994. In this context, we seek to identify how the process of transition to a multiparty democracy, which began in 1994, affected the political system, the organization of the State in formation and the modus operandi of successive governments after this period. With these objectives, we examine the initial political trajectory of Guinea-Bissau as a Nation-State and as an expression of the political monopoly of the PAIGC as a single party. The aim is to understand how the construction of the National State under the initial control of a single party shaped the political trajectory of a newly independent nation. The study presents a qualitative approach and a historical analytical framework, mobilizing an empirical basis of an institutional nature. In this format, institutional, factual and political elements were mobilized to understand the interdependence between the PAIGC's trajectory and the dynamics of a political system in a state of constant political crises and permanent changes of governments. In this context, we also sought to assess how the process of transition to a multiparty democracy, which began in 1994, affected the dynamics of the political system, the ministerial organization of the State and the relative power of the main party in Guinea-Bissau.