A microbiologia das lesões profundas dos membros inferiores mudou ao longo dos anos?

Abstract

Background: Lower limb wounds have different etiologies. However, associated infection increases morbidity and complicates the treatment for all wounds. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the evolution of the microbiological profile of deep wounds of the lower limbs, analyzing whether there has been a change in the microbiology of these infections in the last five years. Methods: An observational study was carried out that comparatively analyzed the microbiological profile of deep wounds of the lower limbs in a tertiary care hospital. Cases that tissue fragment was collected during a surgical procedure were included. The number of cultivated microorganisms, the classification according to Gram stain, the genus and the isolated species were studied over five years (2019- 2023). Statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI INFOTM, version 7.2.2.6. Results: 356 tissue cultures were identified and included in the study from deep lower limbs wounds. Throughout the years of study, there was a predominance of Gramnegative microorganisms, with no significant difference between the five years. For most genera (Enterococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia spp and Proteus spp) there was no significant difference in their frequency over the years, with a reduction in infections by the Enterobacteriaceae family. A significant increase in Pseudomonas spp infections was observed, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa species over the five years. Conclusions: Gram-negative microorganisms predominated in infections of deep lower limbs wounds in the last five years. There was a significant increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in lower limbs wounds.