Colite isquêmica complicada com úlcera gangrenosa - relato de caso

Abstract

Ischemic colitis is the most common form of gastrointestinal ischemia. It is divided into plosive and non-stop. The causes result from obstruction of arterial or venous flow, or associated with conditions that cause hypotension or shock, in addition to some medications. Clinical presentation includes abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and tenesmus. The splenic flexure and sigmoid colon are frequently affected areas due to their limited blood supply. Differential diagnoses include inflammatory bowel disease, infectious colitis, and diverticulitis. Colonoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical, depending on the severity of the injury. The case report is of a young patient who presented with intense pain, accompanied by diarrhea with multiple bloody stools. The condition progressed with the development of a rectosigmoid ulcer, associated with mucosal edema and hyperemia, as seen on colonoscopies. The great challenge was the clinical and endoscopic similarity between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic colitis, making a surgical procedure necessary to elucidate and treat the patient.