Fluxos de atendimento e acompanhamento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas ou testemunhas de violência: proposta para fomentar a gestão social no sistema de garantia de direitos em Ituberá - BA

Abstract

The guarantee of the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil has been advancing since the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Law No. 8,069/90, which instituted the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Law No. 13,431/17 instituted the System for Guaranteeing the Rights of Children and Adolescents who are Victims or Witnesses of Violence. Thus, it is recognized that children and adolescents are subjects with the right to have rights, based on the principle of absolute priority, with many defense and protection mechanisms being created for them against situations of violence. Many challenges are still faced in relation to the implementation of the Rights Defense and Guarantee System, mainly because it is a complex system that involves several public policies and requires flows and protocols that facilitate intersectorality. This research aimed to design and propose the (re)design of care and monitoring flows for children and adolescents who are victims or witnesses of violence, with a view to strengthening the social management and intersectorality of this system. The action research methodology involved actors who work directly in the bodies and equipment that make up the Rights Guarantee System of Ituberá, state of Bahia: municipal secretaries (Social Assistance, Education, Health), Municipal Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, from the Guardianship Council; Social Assistance Reference Center, Specialized Social Assistance Reference Center, Unified Health System, Education System Coordinators and teachers. The methodological path was structured in five stages, in the first stage exploratory research was carried out, in the second and third stages, experiences were carried out through workshops to understand the context now being researched, as well as mapping the service flows, the fourth stage took place in a transversal way, it was dedicated to the analysis and systematization of the data, the fifth and final stage, was dedicated to the elaboration of the Map of service flows, product of this dissertation, for this purpose, five meetings and three workshops were held. The research showed that the Ituberá Rights Defense and Guarantee System faces structural problems, regarding the understanding of the actors regarding belonging to a much larger system with a high level of complexity in relation to the unit or body in which each of them works. It is necessary to improve communication and the relationship between actors for more effective and speedy social management. As a social management technology, service and monitoring flows are proposed with the actors' responsibilities regarding sexual violence, given that, according to the actors involved in the research, among all types of violence, sexual violence is one of the most serious and requires greater attention and swift resolution in the context of the System for Guaranteeing the Rights of Children and Adolescents who are Victims or Witnesses of Violence.