Acessibilidade arquitetônica nas universidades: entraves e desafios no Campus Canela da Universidade Federal da Bahia

Abstract

This work analyzes the conditions of accessibility in the educational buildings of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), specifically, those located in the University Campus of the neighborhood of Canela, being them, the School of Law, the School of Business, the School of Education and the School of Accounting Sciences. The analysis of compliance and non-conformities in meeting the accessibility standards in force was started. UFBA has two Campi in Salvador, being the Campus Canela (research locus) the oldest of them. With the exception of the unit belonging to the Faculty of Accounting, inaugurated in 2014, the other units studied were built in the 1960s and 1980s, a social context of a time marked by the absence of standards or laws that required accessibility in the spaces, demonstrating a certain carelessness with accessibility aspects and people with disabilities. For this research, a survey of laws and norms regarding accessibility was carried out, analyzing the evolution, the differences in the updates and the possible impacts on the buildings. Then, in loco observation was carried out using a checklist model used by the Superintendence of Environment and Infrastructure of UFBA (SUMAI / UFBA), created from the requirements contained in ABNT NBR 9050: 2015 and formed by ten dimensions related to aspects of analysis of the internal area of buildings and enabling objective evaluation of spaces: 1) Attendance / Reception; 2) Corridors and internal roads; 3) Stairs; 4) Ramps; 5) Doors and openings; 6) Passenger elevator; 7) Vertical elevation platform; 8) Toilets; 9) Collective spaces and; 10) Cup/Kitchen. Afterwards, the comparative analysis between the units was carried out, in order to identify inconsistencies, similarities, specificities and possible solutions to improve the study units. Based on the results, it was possible to analyze the dimensions of accessibility and bring specific aspects about the obstacles and challenges, besides observing the real conditions of accessibility in the buildings, proving that newer buildings, in fact, have fewer non-conformities than the older buildings, although considerable for more recent building standards and normative guidelines. However, occasional interventions in the older buildings have served to improve the spaces and increase the conformities, even exceeding the percentages of newer units, but, on the other hand, provided non conformities in some renovated environments. Thus, although the buildings were designed to be public spaces, accessible to all, they did not foresee the permanence and autonomy of people with disabilities.