Resistência e territorializações: um olhar sobre a moradia camponesa no estado da Bahia, com ênfase nos projetos de assentamento de reforma agrária

Abstract

This research focuses on rural housing, reporting the reality of the populations who benefited from projects of rural settlements – results of the agrarian reform in the state of Bahia (Brazil) – seen through the perspective of social resistance processes. The process of settlement will be examined from 1985 to 2010, divided in three parts corresponding to public policies of the agrarian reform : 1) from 1985 to 1994, period of political transition during which the first National Planning of Agrarian Reform ( 1st PNRA) was implemented. 2) ) from 1995 to 2001, Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s government, when social movements deepened their actions. 3) from 2003 to 2010, Lula´s government, when II PNRA was developed and the involvement of the social movements in the proposal of public policies was the most significant. This research intends to discuss the agrarian issue and develops from the rural housing context reflexions highlighting the fact that despite the deficiency of the agrarian reform, the settled farmer resist in different ways, throughout various times and stages. This resistance covers the process of conquering the land but also the process of maintaining their way of life on this land, labelled by Germani (1993) as the new face of the struggle for land. The scale of the States´s action in the rural settlements is huge, as it is a form of state intervention on space, although it results from the farmer´s action seen as a historical subject. In this context, the interests resulting from various relations between the State – vector of public policies – and each beneficiary of the agrarian reform – groups of settled farmers, social movements and organisations – tend to come into conflict with the interest of the Capital, creating complex processes of territorializing, deterritorialization, reterritorialization along with its breachs, its fragmentations and its spatial connexions which directly affect the way of living in each rural ettlement.