Método para monitoramento do progresso e terminalidade de atividades internas e externas de obras utilizando BIM, RPA e câmera 360º

Abstract

Construction progress monitoring is one of the most important practices to achieve the success of construction, being a process that reflects the performance of the work in terms of time, cost, quality, and safety, among other aspects. However, the traditional progress monitoring method is prone to errors, as it relies heavily on human experience and visualization. In addition, most studies of progress monitoring have a gap due to the predominant focus on external areas. Thus, the main objective of this study is to propose a method for visually monitoring the progress of indoor and outdoor activities using Building Information Modeling (BIM), Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), and a 360º camera. For this, the Design Science Research (DSR) strategy was adopted in this study. Following the steps of the DSR, the study was developed through the phases of awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation, and conclusion. The problem awareness stage was developed by reviewing the literature on progress monitoring in Construction 4.0. In the suggestion stage, an empirical study was carried out at Jobsite A, a multifamily residential complex with 20 buildings in which data collection was tested using UAS and 360º camera. The most efficient ways of working with internal 360º photographs were studied and tests were carried out aiming at the integration of these data in different BIM 4D software. Based on these experiments, it was possible to define an initial proposal for a method for construction progress monitoring using the proposed technologies. The development stage involved another empirical study to validate the proposed method in Jobsite B, which corresponds to a residential complex with 13 buildings. After implementation, the method was evaluated and measured on a Likert scale based on the following constructs: the potential to impact the identification and evaluation of progress, contribution to transparency, utility, ease of adoption, and generalization to other companies and contexts. As a result, the method presented positive points in its simplicity, clarity, and easiness to visualizing the construction progress. The 360º camera proved to be useful for monitoring progress, with the potential also for applications to verify the quality of the execution of activities. As the main contribution of this study, there is the proposal of a method for visually monitoring the construction progress using BIM, UAS, and 360º camera, comprising procedures for preparation, collection, processing, data analysis, and decision-making concerning the construction progress. To assist in the operationalization of the method in construction contexts, recommendations were also proposed, and a protocol was developed to integrate the visual data collected into the 4D BIM model.