Orixás e sua complexidade sistêmica com design, arquitetura e urbanismo e arte no terreiro Axé Ilê Obá em São Paulo

Abstract

The terreiro is a multiple place of religion, but also of culture, of passing on knowledge through everyday life, of the cult of ancestry, of reverence for the orixás. There are a significant number of factors that need to be understood. Lack of knowledge among others that strengthens racism and exclusion against black people, demonizes them and makes them invisible, in the meantime more specifically Brazilians. The terreiro is a space with multiple functions, for practicing religion, learning culture, and realizing the life of a community. The terreiro can be understood in scales of its materiality, between objects, buildings and their insertion in an urban territory. In this dissertation we carried out research of a transdisciplinary nature, focusing on systemic complexity within the Axé Ilê Obá Candomblé terreiro, located in the Jabaquara neighborhood in the city of São Paulo. The research ranged from the history of Candomblé to the meaning and representation of the Orixás. It works with memory and representations expressed in this terreiro and problematizes issues related to the symbols of the city of São Paulo, a city largely structured by Africans and their descendants, without, however, this fact being evidenced by the means of information and publicity in the city. . The city's Candomblés are little known and their insertion in the city's production is little discussed and little problematized. This dissertation explains the different aspects of this terreiro and problematizes its urban insertion. It addresses several factors that are necessary to understand Candomblé and the terreiro in question. It is noteworthy that the lack of knowledge about Candomblé and the terreiros operates in the strengthening of racism and the exclusion of the black population and our culture. Due to racism, the demonialization of terreiro and Candomblé exists, as well as its invisibility. This dissertation work aims to analyze the patrimonialization of the Candomblé terreiro Axé Ilê Obá, more specifically during the period of Mãe Sylvia de Oxalá's management between the years 1986 to 2014, a time in which the place was recognized as the first listed Candomblé space by CONDEPHAAT - Council for the Defense of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage in the state of São Paulo. A black and Candomblé group that, due to all the systemic complexity that exists in its experience, it is necessary to understand its structure and history; trajectory of Africans and people of African descent, existing for more than 6,000 years with all the culture and strategy of living that is perpetuated in the diaspora. Through this work, it is also intended to generate material that expands possibilities within Law 10,639, which establishes the mandatory teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, and expands understanding and social balance through knowledge. This is an original work regarding the joint and articulated study of the design, art, architecture and urbanism of this terreiro.