Política de segurança pública: a perspectiva da teoria dos sistemas Luhmanniana na arquitetura da governança securitária na Bahia

Abstract

Brazilian society has been faced with difficult days due to the social consequences of the phenomenon of violence, faced by public security. In view of this, Bahia established in 2011 the Pact for Life Program (PPV). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the security governance model adopted by the PPV, taking Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Systems as a theoretical-methodological reference, as well as discussing the concepts of this theory, in the light of the understanding of public security policy as a system Social; examining the governance and governance assumptions; to describe the PPV and its theoretical and empirical references, and to critically approach the PPV, from the described experiences, the forms of structural coupling between the sectoral chambers and the security governance around them. In this sense, we started with a review of the literature on Systems Theory and on the governance and security governance premises. Under the methodological approach, the investigation was materialized through a case study, which allowed a reflection on the current public security policy. The data collection procedure adopted was bibliographical and documentary. A qualitative-quantitative approach was used for the production and analysis of the data, based on field research, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire application to public security policy implementers in Bahia, Pernambuco and Maranhão. The methodological flow adopted was the hypothetical-deductive one, where it was tried to verify if the Systems Theory could contribute in unveiling the frailties of articulation or the structural coupling between the systems-part that compose the PPV. From the data analysis it was possible to understand the complexity that permeates the web of public security and supports the difficulty in submitting to a single regency similarly complex and autopoietic systems. Moreover, the reports collected allowed the PPV Executive Committee and the SSP to be identified as possible PPV structural couplings, and the preoccupation with the insulation of the Public Security Sector Chamber within the PPV and the vulnerability of the current governance implemented became evident. The implementation of a new organizational structure of PPV governance imposes the greatest challenge for the PPV to be able to orchestrate the necessary institutional arrangements. Finally, it is concluded that the assumption of this research was confirmed when, when understanding how a structural coupling can establish a relationship between different, complex systems, one can perceive the fragility of the articulation between the Sectoral Chambers and between the constituent bodies of the PPV.