As comunidades tradicionais pesqueiras e o PDDU 2016 de Salvador: um estudo sobre as ZEIS-5

Abstract

Salvador, in Bahia, is a city that was built symbolically and objectively around its relationship with the waters, especially with the sea. In this regard, the same sea that motivated the foundation of the first capital of Brazil has become the means of survival for several traditional fishing communities that share the city's coastal stripes. However, the implementation of an urban policy focused on a neoliberal and racist logic has threatened the territories of traditional fishermen in Salvador as the waters and the coastal areas have roused the interest of agents of the real estate market and the industry. The urban policy that causes the eviction of traditional communities is the same field of dispute by organized civil society and social movements that fight for employment, income, and housing within the perspective of the right to the city. One of the most relevant results of this struggle was the creation of the Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS)— a specific urban zoning to instrumentalize the urbanization of consolidated informal urban settlements and the elaboration and execution of popular housing projects. In the current PDDU of Salvador, 06 traditional fishing communities were classified as ZEIS 5 (ZEIS that are focused on the land and urban regularizations of traditional fishing communities and remaining quilombos). Thus, in an attempt to understand what guarantees classifying as a ZEIS can bring to the preservation and vindication of the traditional fishing communities of Salvador and their respective territories, the exploratory research method was mostly used. Nevertheless, in order to allow the construction of another narrative on the disputes over the traditional fishing territories, it was sought, beyond institutionalism and the supposedly "impartial" academic production, to highlight the social movements themselves and their allies as sources of research. What could be verified was that, although the inclusion of 06 ZEIS 5 in the 2016 PDDU of Salvador was the result of a broad popular mobilization, the traditional fishing communities were underrepresented in the referred law and, so far, the inertia of the municipal public power—despite the deadline set in the 2016 PDDU— in effecting the regulation of the six already delimited ZEIS, has not brought any guarantee for these communities regarding the assurance of permanence and protection of their respective territories.