Modelos desviantes do tipo na arquitetura multirresidencial em Salvador

Abstract

This doctoral thesis consists of a typological analysis of 169 multi-residential buildings in Salvador, Bahia that have three apartments per floor and therefore present a spatial organization distinct from the more common architectural type known as the “H-plan,” which is characterized by a double symmetry of housing units with centralized vertical circulation. To understand the various processes of differentiation that individualize the buildings that make up the corpus of the research, legal constraints and elements of the site act as the central parameters of the analysis. After an introduction and a contextualization of the investigation in the existing scholarship on housing, verticalization and typology in Brazil, there follows a theoretical overview of the contemporary updating of the architectural type, in its complex articulation as a tool for design, analysis and perception of architecture, with an orientation towards the potential for understanding social dynamics through the dimension of the use of buildings. The thesis continues with the construction of a methodology based on a critical reading of the elements that define the parameters of analysis, with the consolidation of categories referring to form and program, urban and building legislation, and orientation and topography. In keeping with the tradition of typological studies, the consolidation of methodology is an open process that depends on the identification and analytical survey of the objects that make up the corpus of the research, resulting in the identification of two main groups among the buildings with three apartments per floor: those that are deviations from the H-plan type and those whose spatial organization is not related to the doubly symmetrical distribution that defines the culturally established type. The presentation of the results of the data from the analysis is then developed by discussing the statistical recurrences in comparison with the processes of particularization, considering both the division into two main groups (type deviants and non-type deviants) and the classification of the models into ten distinct formal types. In the final considerations, the processes of differentiation that emerged from the analysis of the data are brought together in the form of a critical evaluation that seeks to establish connections with the broader issues in which architecture acts as a mediator of the defining contents of life in the city.