A genealogia da injustiça epistêmica estrutural: um problema de injustiça hermenêutica

Abstract

Abstract The object of this thesis is the problem of structural epistemic injustice. This is a problem of social epistemology, approached from the perspective of the concept of hermeneutic injustice developed by Miranda Fricker. In addition, I use genealogical research as a method for investigating this problem. A genealogy can have fictional or factual characteristics, or both. In my work, I have adopted the last option mentioned. Because of this methodological choice, I turned to thinkers such as Nietzsche, Craig, Williams, Fricker and Mills as important philosophical references in the field of genealogical research in philosophy. Using this method, I intend to trace the philosophical path that led to the disappearance of the subject of "epistemic injustice", leading us to what has come to be called "structural injustice". Since "structural injustice" would be an injustice without a subject, I try to identify who the "subject" of such injustice is. To reach the origin of such a subject, I turn to the concept of hermeneutic injustice, because the notion of "structural injustice", for me, is a hermeneutically empty notion, generating a hermeneutic problem that needs to be remedied, either by dissolving the notion as an empty concept, or by filling the conceptual gap with an adequate term (subject), so that there would be no injustice without a subject, and then accountability for the practically of "structural injustice" would be possible. Last but not least, I was able to establish a close relationship between the genealogical method and analytic philosophy, showing an origin of the genealogical method prior to Nietzsche in David Hume's Treatise on Human Nature, where Hume gives a genealogy on the concept of "justice as an artificial virtue". This investigative movement also led me to formulate a critique of the tradition of contractualist philosophy, since, it seems, it was from there that the subject of epistemic injustice disappeared in Modernity.