Paisagens das (in)justiças nos parques eólicos do estado da Bahia.

Abstract

This research discusses the production of landscapes transformed by the insertion of wind farms. Wind energy is growing in Brazil, especially in Bahia, occupying the vast mountain ranges in various regions of the state. To analyses them, we used the theoretical field of Landscape Justice, defined here as the result of spatial practices, which in turn are actions implemented by the state or by organizations, which cause changes and ruptures in the physical and social structures of the landscape, and which can be accompanied by (in)justice on various scales. With the dialectical method as a proposal, various methodological procedures were used: group dynamics, documentary research, fieldwork, interviews and Hierarchical Process Analysis. Using landscape as the right lens for understanding justice, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the spatial practices of wind farms and justice in the landscape. The results obtained in the chapter on Justice show how little experience there is with the local scale, which is why we produce unjust landscapes rather than just ones. In the next chapter, the mountains of Morro do Chapéu and Sobradinho, both in Bahia, were used as empirical objects to show the development of wind energy. The third chapter looked at the spatial practices used to conquer the landscape, showing that the refunctionalization imposed on the landscape is supported by a visible and invisible system, whose wind turbines are outstanding representatives of the visible system and the regulatory frameworks represent the invisible system very well. It was possible to detect five main practices: Selectivity, Anticipation, Fragmentation, Reproduction and Marginalization. In the fourth chapter, it was confirmed that the construction of a wind landscape is a conjuncture, in which the content of the landscape itself directs the process. Wind is not the only factor of interest, but other socio-economic, governance and cultural factors drive the conquest and transformation of these landscapes. The fifth and final chapter shows that the creation of an unjust landscape has five faces of oppression, which are associated with the spatial practices engendered by wind companies and which result in the establishment of injustices in the landscape. The conclusion is that the Landscape is a reflection of the actions carried out by the transforming agents in a non-participatory manner and that Justice in the Landscape is the result of spatial practices.